Taphophile Corner - Displaced Honor

Over the years as I make my way through cemeteries gathering Civil War veterans burial information, I have noticed a common occurrence, one of misplaced GAR flag markers. 

The GAR (Grand Army of the Republic) was an organization much like today’s American Legion and was made up of honorably discharged Union Veterans, not every veteran joined the GAR but those who were members would receive a flag holder for their grave so a flag could be placed for Decoration Day.

But as I make my way across states and cemeteries I see the same theme, that of these markers on the wrong graves, such as a child’s grave, that of a woman, on a man’s grave who was not even born during the Civil War and even propped up near a fence. 

Women were not permitted to be G.A.R. members

I have had the chance to talk to some cemetery groundskeepers who have told me that the markers are moved a lot of times so they can mow around a stone and then either forgotten about or misplaced.

 A person whose relative who fought in WWII needed a flag holder and this GAR marker on a grave seemed like a good holder, and even some cemeteries will help a person remove the marker to place elsewhere. 

The reasons are many of why they are removed and still some are removed and sold on Ebay,  

which is against Ebay policies. In some states it is against the law to even sell these.

One day I walked into a cemetery office and asked about the misplaced markers. I was told that they had no idea of what to do and for me to just fix it if I like…WHAT!!! Ok, so I can just remove any grave marker??? I know there were laws protecting grave markers. What about cemetery rules??? 

Born after the Civil War - could not have earned a G.A.R. marker

Before removing a marker you need permission from the cemetery commission and from a relative of the person whose grave it is on. That can take a long time and research.

But I am starting to notice that this trend is now not being limited to just the GAR markers but is also effecting other veterans from other wars. It is sad that these men and woman who gave so much and asked so little can not even keep a simple flag holding to honor them, just because someone is too lazy to buy their own or to replace it correctly after mowing.

One day I was talking with a member of an American Legion and he asked me to ID an item. He showed me a GAR Marker, I explained to him what it was and the organization. He told me that the Legion Post had a 55-gallon barrel full of them and they were going to scrap them because they didn’t know what they were. I took them all and have since replaced them back into their local cemetery.

 I am a believer also that the correct marker should be placed at the correct grave, GAR or Civil War Vet for Civil War Veterans, Span Am for Spanish American Veterans, WWII Markers for WWII Vets.

 

I have been seeing VFW Markers for Civil War Veterans and this is a miss representation as there were no VFW’s around at that time and if you want to spend the time marking graves then it should be done with the right marker. 

A special Thank You to Daniel Meehan my guest blogger. 

Daniel has spent countless hours in the cemeteries of New Hampshire documenting Veteran's graves and compiling their photos and histories. Daniel is a War reinactor as well as a Veteran advocate. He was intricately involved in the moving and honorable re-interment of a Civil War Veteran and his family due to a construction project in his area. Daniel personally provides the flags to various cemeteries in his town since the VFW has refused to do so. He feels passionately about honoring the service of Veterans across the board and I believe, was the perfect person to speak on this topic.

the Siren's song

Siren Song  n. An enticing plea or appeal, especially one that is deceptively alluring.

The Cemetery and Mythology... not a combination one sees very frequently. That's why I was pretty excited to find the image above.

This is the stone was dated 1849 and belonged to a 53 yr old man. The cemetery is on the Coast of Maine and holds countless ship captains. There are images of anchors and boats of all kinds on various stones here. Stories of bravery and tragedy.


Could this be a grieving wife.... yes. It may even be the classic image of the Virtue - Faith.

But, this imagery makes me think it could be even more than that. The parted curtain symbolizes the entry into Heaven. The anchor, a strong symbol of a life on the Sea as well as that of Christian faith. The finger pointed upwards, yet another sign of the final reward.

Then there is the woman herself. The first thing that struck me was her long Lady Godiva style hair. A long flowing dress with what looks like bare arms.

This would have been irresistible imagery in the mid 19'th century. Is she not a wife but a temptress maybe?



So what exactly is a Siren?





Sirens were dangerous creatures who lured mariners with their beautiful music and enchanting voices to an untimely death.

They were considered the daughters of the river god Achelous. There were said to be between 2 and 5 of them existing off the islands of Greece. There are two Sirens referred to in Homer's tale the Odyssey. As well as more references in the Iliad.

Though these creatures are tied to the Sea, they are not sea maidens and are not to be confused with mermaids. In fact they are not fish-like at all.

The earliest Greek images portraying Sirens showed them as large birds with female faces. They sang like birds and were granted wings by Demeter.





This pottery portrays an interesting legend. 

It is said that Odysseus was curious as to what the Sirens sung in their song to him, so, on Circe's advice, he had all his sailors plug their ears with beeswax and tie him to the mast. He ordered his men to leave him tied tightly to the mast, no matter how much he would beg. When he heard their beautiful song, he ordered the sailors to untie him but they bound him tighter. When they had passed out of earshot, only then was Odysseus untied.

The depictions of Sirens have changed over time as they became less bird like and portrayed more as femmes fatales.

There have even been references to them as the muses of the underworld.

Descriptions are also found of them on the islands, "lolling there in their meadow, round them heaps of corpses rotting away, rags of skin shriveling on their bones."  Not your average maiden.


With all of the death in the 19'th century by men making their fortunes from the Sea, it is no wonder the legend of the Siren may still be found in the cemetery. Though it's origins are Greek, the Siren appears any place in the world where people feared for their lives and the unknown.  Even in a small cemetery off the coast of Maine.

the Obelisk

The obelisk is one of the most classic shapes in the cemetery. But did you ever wonder what inspired it's design?

Say obelisk and no doubt the Washington Monument in our Nation's capital comes to your mind. It's one of the most famous obelisks in the world. But this shape is also found everywhere in 19'th century cemeteries. Shapes are important in cemetery art... design always has meaning.

The answer can be found in Egypt.


The Egyptians were absolute masters in forming monuments and statues that would stand the test of time. Monuments dedicated to Pharaoh were commonly portrayed as sitting. All arms and legs were carved compactly situated to the bodies. Over the ages, there were no long outreaching arms to break off unlike many Greek statues. The compact Egyptian design held up beautifully over time. They truly mastered shapes that were meant to hold up.

A main deity in the Egyptian religious beliefs, was the sun god Ra. Life was seen to come from Ra but death was also connected. The dead were buried on the west side of the Nile where the sun was seen as dying each day. On the flip side, the living stayed strictly on the east side of the Nile... here the sun was daily reborn.

The obelisk shape is said to symbolize a ray of light, associated with Ra.  Also known as a light pillar or solar pillar. It's four cornered base is solid and thicker than it's top, allowing it to withstand more than a simple pillar. A light pillar is a visual phenomenon created by the reflection of light from ice crystals with near horizontal parallel planar surfaces. The light can come from the Sun (usually at or low to the horizon) in which case the phenomenon is called a sun pillar. It can also come from the Moon or other sources such as streetlights.

 
Did you know that the obsession that fueled the obelisk movement in America had a name?

The term "Egyptomania" was coined in part due to ... Napoleon?

Yes, we have Napoleon to thank for introducing America to the "All-Things-Egyptian Craze".  Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign from 1798-1801 introduced the world to Egypt and it's culture. In the early 1800's books were being published on Egypt and the fever began to spread rapidly. There wasn't a single piece of American culture that wasn't suddenly influenced by this new trend. This was seen especially in the cemetery.

After some time the obelisk also began to take on some variations. As we see in this photo to the side, they didn't always have a simple pyramid top. Some were topped with urns.

The urns are also of Egyptian origin - (the canopic jar)

Some had small angular roof peaks. We call these vaulted obelisks.

While others had crosses attached to the tops.

Even traditionally shaped stones, like this slate, added the obelisk image .




















This truly massive obelisk towers at more than 30 feet high. A grand representation to a family's wealth and social status.

Some obelisks incorporated other traditional icons such as the classic willow or maybe a dove indicating a lost child. Multiple layers of meaning...




Hope you enjoyed this post and explanation.

Pointing Finger & Hand Stones

"I am not afraid" - captions a finger pointing upwards.

I want to take a moment to explain one of the most interesting and confusing icons of the cemetery.

I have accumulated quite a collection of them over the years.

The hand is a life symbol. When a finger is pointed upwards it is a message of faith. The person believes that, though the body has failed, the soul now continues upwards to Heaven.  Additionally on the stone above, the finger is seen pointing toward a broken chain, yet another life symbol. A link has been broken so the chain (or life) now ends. A statement of faith is added in "I am not afraid." For those of faith are said to never truly die.

One question I am asked more than anything else seems to be...

"If a finger pointed upwards means the person will go to Heaven, then what does a finger pointed downwards mean?"

This question seems to really upset people. Like a Victorian equivalent to the Puritan Death Head in the scary department.

The answer is very simple.

This is the hand of God. 

Man is not supposed to portray God as an image, it is blasphemy to do so. All we know about God's appearance is that Adam was made in his likeness.

Since the Bible refers to the "hand of God" often,  it was then deemed appropriate to show just that much of God on stones, just a hand.

This stone above is from Scarborough, Maine and it's one of the nicest I have found to demonstrate this point. Notice the heavenly clouds and radiating light? The finger also points to the Bible, again - a symbol of the faithful. This is such an amazing set of images!

Sometimes the finger is seen pointing to additional icons. Like the finger at the top which pointed to the broken chain.

This finger to the left, points to a heavenly star image.

Take notice the sleeves on hand. The stone to the right has a fancy, full sleeve complete with lace. It belongs to someone's wife. 

Another variation on the hand is the shaking hand. Looking at the sleeves is important on these images.

Two masculine sleeves is a symbol of God grasping Man's hand and bringing him into Heaven.

If one sleeve is feminine and the other masculine, it is seen as a matrimonial symbol. Husband and wife, one welcoming the other into Heaven.

The final portrayal of the hand on a stone is that of hands clasped in prayer. Again, a symbol of a person's faith.


Hope you enjoyed this explanation of the pointing finger and hand icons.

Now, it's time to get out there and find a few of your own to share!

If you'd like to share your images, you can post them on the Taphophile Corner Group Page on facebook. 

https://www.facebook.com/groups/173533606049437/

or follow me on twitter: @Taph_Corner

the Rose

Is there any other flower so prized for it's beauty?  No wonder the rose is a favorite as a floral icon on graves.  The Victorians used the rose in it's different colors as a language all it's own. 
This was known as Floriography. 

To express your love, you would gives roses that were red. A yellow rose on the other hand simply conveyed  friendship.  

An eloquent epitaph

In the cemetery, the most common use of the Rose as an icon is to convey beauty.

I really like the personal epitaph on this grave in Brunswick, ME.

"I love roses, I love pretty things." -Dorothy

Sheer eloquence in it's simple truth.

The rose can be used to convey literal beauty. A husband may use the rose on his wife's grave, speaking to her physical beauty.  

It can also be used figuratively. To convey that a person was beautiful to those around them. Beauty from within, if you will.

The rosebud- always a sad symbol of loss

There is another way that the rose is used as a symbol. 


Look at the development of the flower itself. If a rose is portrayed as a bud, it always symbolizes the life of a child.


The rose bud has not had time to fully bloom. Just as the babe was taken too soon.



Additionally the bud is often shown as snapped off at the stem. The photo below is a wonderful example of this. The grave is that of a young boy, showing us that the rose symbol was used for both boys and girls.

The snapped rosebud

Look carefully, you may see roses tucked into other imagery.  







The stone to the right is a small obelisk.
Notice the dove with a rose bud in it's beak, this too is symbolic of the loss of a child.

The dove and lamb images are frequently used to symbolize children.

The rosebud adds an extra punch to this image.

The stone on the left is found in Belfast, Maine, and sadly has long ago fallen over. Notice the hand of the angel. She carries a rosebud back to Heaven with her. Very subtle how the rosebud was worked into this image.

Breathtaking!

Once the personal information is read on the stone, we realize this is a child of less than 2 years of age and the only child to her grieving parents.

As an icon, the rose speaks to us in many ways. This quote may say it all...

 

"Man is harder than iron, stronger than stone and more fragile than a rose."  -Turkish Proverb

the Cemetery Moon...

Super Moon in Mt. Pleasant Cemetery. 05/05/12

This past weekend, not only did people celebrate Cinco de Mayo, but many went out that evening to witness the 2012 Super Moon.

Living in New England, I grew up hearing some really amazing superstitions and beliefs. Not knowing any better I ended up believing in most of them. Who was I to question Fate?

So very many of these tales concerned death  - what could prematurely speed up it's arrival and those things that were said to surely foretell it.

Even the moon is tied to death folklore.
. 
Growing up part time on an island in the Bay of Fundy, I witnessed first hand the power that the moon has over the tides. The Bay of Fundy is known for have the highest and lowest tides in the world, mix in the new moon and full moon twice a month and you have extra massive tides! These super high tides are also known as Spring Tides. As the water seems to spring up even  higher than normal.

The moon controls the tides in the Bay of Fundy

So what does the moon and tide have to do with the cemetery?

At one time, it was a commonly held belief for those keeping a death bed vigil, that a dying person would only relinquish their hold on life during an ebb tide. (low water) If they made it through the ebb and the water began to once again rise, the person would live until at least the next ebb tide. Then the process of watching and waiting began again. If the person did pass, another custom was that at no time would the body be left alone. I actually have family members alive today that can remember this practice. Even during the overnight hours and until the time of burial, someone needed to accompany the body every single minute.

So, are the veils between the worlds thinner during a full moon? Take a walk through a cemetery on a full moon night... and you tell me.

the Elements of an Inscription

Most people know what an epitaph is, right?  Those final thoughts about a person lovingly etched into the bottom of a stone.  But, if I asked you what an EPITHET was, would you know the answer?

What we put on gravestones today greatly differs from what was put on them in the 18'th and 19'th centuries.  There were titles and words used that many of us have no idea the meaning of today.  For instance, there are terms used for a wife that many people are quite unsure of and many times actually offended by.  If you know the meaning of each term, you will realize they simply refer to the order in which the wife died in relationship to her husband.

The first is RELICT. This is a term meaning widow; the husband had died before his wife.




The other frequently used term is CONSORT. This is the one that causes such grief and confusion! It may not even be uncommon for a husband to have two or three consorts all buried next to one another. The term consort simply means that the wife died before the husband, many times in childbirth. Often, men remarried quickly in order to supply their children with a new caretaker. It wasn't even terribly unusual to remarry the sister of a lost wife.

Note: the word often looks as though it is spelled Confort. This is due to the colonial s character

THERE ARE SEVEN BASIC PARTS TO AN INSCRIPTION. 
Not every stone will include all seven, but many do.


1. the Header  - Here Lyes, In the Memory of, Sacred, The Mortal Remains of, etc…

2. the Epithet(s)  – Daughter of, Honored, Rev[erend], Christian, Esq[uire], Faithful Relict, Mason, etc…

3. the Name - Self explanitory.  (although, it can be amusing to pay attention to the older ones.)

4. the Formula of Death  – Who fell victim to, Departed this life, Died, etc…

5. the Date  - Nov 21, 1851, ye Jan 15, 1779, etc…

6. the Age - Aetatis 49, Age 6months and 3 days, etc…

7. the Eulogies  – A Biblical verse, Rest in Peace, May his soul be rewarded, etc… (also sometimes referred to as the Epithaph)

I am always amazed when I find the reason for death listed clearly on a stone. As you can see here, on the stone for this 3 yr old child.

"His death was occasioned by the kick of a horse"










Also very touching is to find a formula of death written as this one was...

"Fell asleep..."




Now that you know all 7 elements, are you ready for a quiz?


Here are a few examples on stones here in Maine. See if you can correctly name all the elements on Stone #1. ( Don't worry I'll provide the answers for #2 )

How did you do? That was a lot of information, wasn't it?

Here are the answers for stone #2
Here lyes dissolving in earth the mortal remains of =  Header
Mrs. Anne Storer =  Name
Wife of =  Epithet
Whose fair form fell a victim to death =  Formula of Death
the 3 day of Nov 1788 =  Date
Having lived 25 years and 6 days =  Age
                                                         ————————————

Stone #2 had no Eulogy / Epitaph. Stone #1 does and I think it is a very interesting perspective on life at that time, it reads…

"Her life was short her days were few but wisdom was to her for gray hairs." 
 
Now you have a good understanding of the parts to a gravestone inscription. Time to grab a camera and a notebook to write down a few good Epitaphs. You may be able to find one of my favorites

"Passerby cast an eye, 

As you are now so once was I, 

As I am now so you will be, 

Prepare for Death and follow me."

 

Take advantage of the good weather so you can get out there and see some of them for yourself!